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Case Report
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| Chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| Mustafa Z. Mahmoud1, Omer A. Mahmoud2, Maram A. Fagiri3 | ||||||
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1PhD, Associate Professor of Radiology and Ultrasonography, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
2MSc, Specialist of Medical Ultrasound Imaging, Medical Ultrasound Imaging department, Dr. Mohamed Abdel Mageed Ali Medical Complex, Alnohood, West of Kordofan, Sudan. 3MSc, Lecturer of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology Science, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. | ||||||
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| How to cite this article |
| Mahmoud MZ, Mahmoud OA, Fagiri MA. Chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus. Int J Case Rep Images 2017;8(2):124–128. |
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Abstract
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Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of renal failure. Even when diabetes is controlled, the disease can lead to chronic renal failure (CRF). A patient with chronic renal failure always undergoes either dialysis or renal transplantation, which both are very expensive financially. Testing in patients with CRF typically includes a complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic panel, and urinalysis, with calculation of renal function. Renal ultrasonography is the initial imaging modality in the diagnosis of CRF, where features of atrophied, echogenic kidneys with poor corticomedullary differentiation always observed. The aim of this case report is to focus on the role of ultrasound imaging in the workup of chronic renal failure.
Case Report: A 48-year-old male, with 22 years history of type 2 diabetes mellitus complains of CRF primarily due to diabetic nephropathy, was admitted to the hospital for dialysis. The patient had been undergoing hemodialysis three times per week. On physical examination he was in a fair condition. Laboratory investigations revealed an increased level of creatinine 6.9 mg/dl (normal value <1.5 mg/dl) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 49 mg/dl (normal value 10–20 mg/dl) were noted. Normal levels for sodium 140 mg/dl (normal value 136–145 mg/dl) was detected, but there was an increased level of potassium 7 mg/dl (normal value 3.5–5 mg/dl), calcium 11.9 mg/dl (normal value 9–10.5 mg/dl), and phosphorus 5.8 mg/dl (normal value 3–4.5 mg/dl). Abdominal ultrasound scanning presented sonographic features compatible with CRF as bilateral renal atrophy, poor corticomedullary differentiation, and increased renal echogenicity. Conclusion: Morphological parameters as bilateral renal size, parenchymal thickness, and renal echogenicity can influence further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of CRF. | |
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Keywords:
Blood urea nitrogen, Chronic renal failure, Creatinine, Diabetes mellitus, Ultrasonography
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Author Contributions
Mustafa Z. Mahmoud – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Omer A. Mahmoud – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Maram A. Fagiri – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published |
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Guarantor of submission
The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission. |
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Source of support
None |
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Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest. |
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Copyright
© 2017 Mustafa Z. Mahmoud et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information. |
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