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Case Report
 
Catamenial pneumothorax: A rare cause of recurrent pneumothorax
Waqas Jehangir1, Jay Harman2, Nneka Iroka3, Abdalla Yousif4
1MBBS, MD, PGY II, Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ, USA.
2MS, Medical Student, Internal Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Portsmouth, Dominica.
3MD, PGY II, Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ, USA.
4MD, Program Director, Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ, USA.

doi:10.5348/ijcri-201511-CR-10472

Address correspondence to:
Waqas Jehangir
530 New Brunswick Ave
Perth Amboy, NJ
USA 08861
Phone: 267-844-7119
Email: wjehangir@hotmail.com

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How to cite this article
Jehangir W, Harman J, Iroka N, Yousif A. Catamenial pneumothorax: A rare cause of recurrent pneumothorax. Int J Case Rep Images 2015;6(1):51–55.


Abstract
Introduction: Primary spontaneous pneumoth-orax is a common clinical occurrence. Although primary spontaneous pneumothorax is twice as common in men as in women. The recurrence rate is significantly higher in women. The two primary causes for recurrence in women are catamenial pneumothorax and endometriosis related pneumothorax. In the past, catamenial and/or endometriosis related pneumothorax were greatly underdiagnosed. The incidence has increased in the past decade because it is more easily recognized today. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a lung compression that occurs spontaneously due to air in the pleural space in a patient with no underlying lung disease. It can occur in men or women but occurs most often in men. It occurs through many different causes. Catamenial pneumothorax is a spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs at the time of menses in a woman that allows air to enter the thoracic space. Non-catamenial endometriosis related pneumothorax is a spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs when endometrial tissue ascends through diaphragmatic defects to the pleural space and allows air to enter. It can occur at any time and not just during the menses in a woman. Catamenial pneumothorax and noncatamenial endometriosis related pneumothorax are independent entities and are not synonyms. They may occur simultaneously but do not necessarily have to occur at the same time.
Case Report: We present a case of recurrent pneumothorax diagnosed as catamenial pneumothorax in an otherwise healthy 34-year-old female.
Conclusion: The percentages of catamenial pneumothorax are still unclear but it should be suspected and affectedly treated.

Keywords: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax, Catamenial pneumothorax, Endometriosis, Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery


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Author Contributions
Waqas Jehangir – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Jay Harman – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Nneka Iroka – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Abdalla Yousif – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Guarantor of submission
The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of support
None
Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright
© 2015 Waqas Jehangir et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.



About The Authors

Waqas Jehangir is Internal Medicine Resident at Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ He earned MBBS degree from Nishtar Medical College/University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. He has published 10 research papers in national and international academic journals. His research interest include hematology and oncology. He intends to pursue fellowship in hematology/oncology. Email: wjehangir@hotmail.com



Jay Herman is 3rd year Medical Student at Ross University Miramar, Fl. She earned the undergraduate degree (BS) from University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Al and postgraduate degree (MS) from University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX. She has published one research paper in national and international academic journals. She intends to pursue MD.



Nneka Iroka is PGY-II at Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, New Jersey. She earned undergraduate degree Diploma in Engineering in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Imo state of Nigeria and postgraduate degree Doctor of Medicine (MD) from Spartan Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Saint Lucia. Her research interests include Asthma and COPD. She intends to pursue Pulmonary/Critical care medicine in future.



Abdalla Yousif is Program Director, Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ, USA.