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Case Report
 
Dual causes of multiple myeloma
Zaw Min1, Zipporah Krishnasami2, William J Cook3, J Martin Rodriguez4
1MD, Infectious Diseases Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
2MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
3MD, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
4MD, FACP, Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

doi:10.5348/ijcri-2013-09-363-CR-7

Address correspondence to:
Zaw Min
MD, Infectious Diseases Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama
THT 229, 1530 3rd Avenue South
Birmingham, AL 35294-0006
USA
Phone: 1-205-934-5191
Fax: 1-205-934-5155
Email: zawmin@uab.edu

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How to cite this article:
Min Z, Krishnasami Z, Cook WJ, Rodriguez JM. Dual causes of multiple myeloma. International Journal of Case Reports and Images 2013;4(9):489–493.


Abstract
Introduction: Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been living longer secondary to dramatic improvements in their immune status because of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Consequently, there is an increasing incidence of non-AIDS defining malignancies and chronic diseases in HIV-infected individuals. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is highly prevalent in patients with HIV infection.
Case Report: We report a patient with HIV and HCV co-infection who presented with multiple myeloma, and explore literature looking for a plausible causal association between multiple myeloma, HIV and HCV infections.
Conclusion: Multiple myeloma is not a commonly associated malignancy with HIV and/or HCV infection although hyperglobulinemia is often associated. Clinicians should be aware that multiple myeloma may occur as a non-AIDS defining cancer in HIV-infected individuals and/or as an extra-hepatic manifestation in HCV-infected patients.

Keywords: Multiple myeloma, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Hepatitis C infection


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Author Contributions
Zaw Min – Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Zipporah Krishnasami – Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, Final approval of the version to be published
William J Cook – Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Martin Rodriguez – Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Guarantor of submission
The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of support
None
Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright
© Zaw Min et al. 2013; This article is distributed the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any means provided the original authors and original publisher are properly credited. (Please see Copyright Policy for more information.)