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Case Series
Neuroradiological changes in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Presentation of 3 cases and literature update
1 Medical student, Iguaçu University - UNIG/RJ, Nova Iguaçu - RJ, Brazil
2 Physician, Neurologist, Adjunct Professor of Medicine at Universidade Iguaçu, UNIG/Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
3 Neuroradiologist, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
4 Department of Neurology of Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu, PhD student in Neurology at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Adjunct Professor of Medicine at Iguaçu University - UNIG/Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
5 Medicine and Physical Therapy Department, Iguaçu University - UNIG/Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
Address correspondence to:
Antônio Marcos da Silva Catharino
Rua Gavião Peixoto 70, Room 811, CEP 24.2230-100, Icaraí, Niterói-RJ,
Brazil
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Article ID: 101433Z01DP2023
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How to cite this article
Pereira DA, de Moraes Mesquita M, Neves MAO, Toomassini LAB, da Silva Catharino AM, Moreno AM. Neuroradiological changes in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Presentation of 3 cases and literature update. Int J Case Rep Images 2023;14(2):171–175.ABSTRACT
Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be caused by structural and functional abnormalities in the frontal-striatal circuitry of the brain. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, pallidum, corpus callosum, and cerebellum all have significantly smaller volumes in children with ADHD. According to recent reports, other cortical and cerebellar regions generally suffer impairment.
Case Series: Multiple nodes of dysfunction at the frontostriatal and mesocorticolimbic networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been identified through functional neuroimaging studies. We present a group of three ADHD patients and review the clinical findings and potential connections to neuroimaging tests. DISCUSSION: Adults with ADHD have different brain volume patterns in the areas of the brain responsible for attention and executive function.
Conclusion: Among other neuroradiological findings, the ADHD patients in the current study showed changes in the frontal and prefrontal cortex, thickening of the corpus callosum, and elevated levels of glutamine and glutamate in the cerebellum. New studies are required to understand better the clinical finding with potential neuroanatomical and functional changes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, brain, and neuroimage are keywords.
Keywords: ADHD, Cerebellum, MRI, Structural brain imaging
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Author Contributions
Daniel Antunes Pereira - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Marcela de Moraes Mesquita - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Marco Antônio Orsini Neves - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Lara Alexandre Brandão Toomassini - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Antônio Marcos da Silva Catharino - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Adalgiza Mafra Moreno - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Guarantor of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2023 Daniel Antunes Pereira et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
