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Case Report
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| Cyclophosphamide for suspected primary angiitis of the central nervous system in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: A case report | ||||||
| Martha M. Rumore1,2, Samantha Su2, Jake Pellinen3 | ||||||
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1Social, Behavioral & Administrative Pharmacy, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
2Department of Pharmacy, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA. 3Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. | ||||||
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| How to cite this article |
| Rumore MM, Su S, Pellinen J. Cyclophosphamide for suspected primary angiitis of the central nervous system in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: A case report. Int J Case Rep Images 2016;7(10):644–652. |
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Abstract
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Introduction:
Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is rare, including in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), occurring in less than 1% of patients. Systemic vasculitis affecting the CNS is termed secondary CNS vasculitis, whereas primary CNS vasculitis, referred to as primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) refers to an extremely rare disease specifically confined to the CNS. Only some cases of PACNS in HIV patients have been reported in literature.
Case Report: We report a case of a 46-year-old female with HIV who developed probable primary CNS vasculitis, which was treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids for both induction and maintenance. A systematic literature review regarding PACNS and its therapeutic management is presented in this report. There were no clinical trials for PACNS. Based on the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) classes of evidence for therapeutic effectiveness, most data is of intermediate or weak strength. Conclusion: This case highlights diagnostic and clinical features of PACNS and provides an overview of the current literature regarding pharmacotherapy. Further case reports and additional studies are needed. | |
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Keywords:
Primary angiitis, PACNS, HIV, Cyclophosphamide, Primary CNS vasculitis
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Author Contributions
Martha M. Rumore – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Samantha Su – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Jake Pellinen – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published |
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Guarantor of submission
The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission. |
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Source of support
None |
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Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest. |
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Copyright
© 2016 Martha M. Rumore et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information. |
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